山地夏季人工草场山羊放牧适口性研究

在福州北峰的夏季人工草场,通过划区轮牧试验对山羊的适口性进行了研究.试验结果表明,在对杂交狼尾草、甘薯、百喜草等7种牧草进行的适口性评价,甘薯对山羊的适口性最好,表现为嗜食;对杂交狼尾草表现为喜食;羽叶决明、南非马唐、俯仰马唐对山羊的适口性较差.同样,山羊对百喜草、印度豇豆等牧草的不同生育期,其适口性系数也发生变化.     

Physiological responses of transported goats treated with ascorbic acid during the hot-dry season

The aim of the present study was to determine the physiological responses of transported Red Sokoto goats (RSG) treated with ascorbic acid (AA). Ten RSG treated orally with ascorbic acid served as experimental subjects, while seven goats treated with sterile water served as the control. The goats were transported for 8 h. The ambient temperature and relative humidity during the study period fluctuated between 21 and 38°C and 51 and 91%, respectively, which indicated that the season was thermally stressful and did not favor transportation of goats. The rectal temperature obtained in the control goats was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the value in the experimental goats after transportation. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in eosinophil counts and an increase (P < 0.01) in neutrophil counts and neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio recorded in the control goats after transportation, which suggested that the control goats were physically and emotionally stressed. The control goats lost 11.9% of their initial liveweight, while the experimental goats lost only 1.04% after transportation. Multiple stresses, including extreme meteorological factors, acted upon the transported goats and impaired their homeostatic mechanism. In conclusion, AA administration in goats reduced the adverse effects of road transportation stress.     

一个山羊Ⅰ型毛角蛋白基因的序列及其在皮肤中的表达

角蛋白家族包含表皮软角蛋白和毛发硬角蛋白，可以分为酸性Ⅰ型和碱性或中性的Ⅱ型角蛋白亚家族。从构建的成年山羊皮肤cDNA文库和ESTs分析中发现了和与绵羊羊毛角蛋白8C1和人Ⅰ型毛发角蛋白相应cDNA序列高度同源的序列，经序列分析证明是一个山羊毛发特异性角蛋白，命名为山羊Ⅰ型毛角蛋白1（gHa1），Gen Bank序列号为AY510110．1。推导的读码框ORF由413氨基酸组成，与绵羊8C1角蛋白的序列一致性为97．8％。原位杂交显示它在皮肤初级和次级毛囊的皮质层有强烈的表达。     

添喂葵花籽油对山羊瘤胃消化代谢与瘤胃液脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究亚油酸底物葵花籽油对山羊瘤胃消化代谢和瘤胃液脂肪酸组成的影响,以5只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的雌性成年徐淮白山羊为试验动物,采用自身对照设计,对照期和试验期（添喂葵花籽油7 mL/d）各15 d,低精料日粮常规饲养。每期结束后采集瘤胃液进行分析。结果表明,添喂葵花籽油后,瘤胃液pH无显著变化;而氨氮（NH3-N）水平和TVFA显著升高（P〈0.05）;乙、丙酸含量显著增加（P〈0.05）,而乙、丙、丁酸比例（C2＋C4）/C3比值和微生物粗蛋白（MCP）均无明显变化;（C18∶1）和c9,t11-CLA（P〈0.05）浓度均明显升高。表明在山羊日粮中添加一定量的葵花籽油,可在不改变瘤胃发酵类型和不影响瘤胃微生物本身的情况下促进瘤胃消化代谢,调节瘤胃液脂肪酸组成。     

硫营养对绒山羊的影响

本文着重对硫营养影响绒山羊营养物质利用及绒生长的研究进展加以叙述。     

Effect of photoperiod on milk yield and quality, and reproduction in dairy goats

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of long day photoperiod (LDPP) on milk production and reproduction in milk goats. A total of 79 goats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups blocked by day of kidding. Group 1 (Gr1, n = 26) was subjected to natural photoperiod from January 6 to December 5. Group 2 (Gr2, n = 24) was subjected to LDPP (20 h light, 4 h dark) from June 22 to December 5. Group 3 (Gr3, n = 29) was subjected to LDPP from January 6 to December 6. Weekly milk weights and samples were collected for fat, protein and somatic cell count (SCC) determinations. Blood serum was harvested for progesterone (P4) determination. Results indicated a significant effect (p < 0.001) between treatments for body weight changes, feed intake and milk yield. Both light treated groups had a significantly higher (p < 0.001) average daily milk output for the entire lactation period than the control group (G1, 2.193 kg/day; G2, 2.517 kg/day; G3, 2.305 kg/day). Milk fat for the overall lactation was significantly higher in Gr3 (+ 0.19 g/100 ml) than for Gr2 (+ 0.06 g/100 ml) when compared to the control group (x g/100 ml) under natural photoperiod. Somatic cell counts throughout lactation were significantly (p < 0.001) lower for Gr2 (1.70 million/ml) and higher for Gr3 (2.03 million/ml), with the control group (Gr1) having an intermediate level (1.96 million/ml). Progesterone levels between June 9 and August 30 indicated that 27%, 48% and 63% of the animals had P4 levels in excess of 1.0 ng/ml serum for Gr1, Gr2 and Gr3, respectively. Pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasound in December revealed that a high number of does in the light treated groups (10 of 37) were pseudo-pregnant when compared with the control group (1 of 21). Although light appeared to be effective in increasing milk production, further investigations are needed to evaluate the effect of LDPP on pseudo-pregnancy in dairy goats.     

PCR-based detection of Theileria ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa adult ticks

Tick-borne diseases in ruminants are common in tropical and subtropical regions and lead to meat and milk production losses. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess the presence of Theileria ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa ticks. We have demonstrated that the PCR enabled detection of T. ovis in field isolates of R. bursa collected from naturally infested sheep and goats in eastern Turkey. The sampling was done in spring season (between May and June 2004). A total of 420 R. bursa were collected and randomly selected 192 number of them (97 female and 95 male) were dissected. Primers specific for 520 bp fragments small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene of T. ovis amplified products from 37 of the 192 (19.27%) samples. The parasite was detected in 17 (17.52%) female and in 20 (21.05%) male ticks. Two T. ovis amplicons from the tick samples were purified and sequenced. The resulting sequences were identical to the nucleotide sequence of the Turkish sheep strain of T. ovis. These results showed that R. bursa might play an important role in the field as a natural vector of T. ovis.     

RAPD分析山西主要地方山羊品种的遗传多态性

现代分子生物技术的飞速发展，为动物育种提供了新的方法和手段，在DNA水平上检测物种的遗传结构和遗传多样性，越来越受到人们的重视。以PCR为基础的DNA多态性检测技术以其检测灵敏度高、操作简便、安全、快捷、经济等优点，逐步广泛地应用于动植物研究中。山西境内现存3个山羊群体，分别为阳城白山羊、黎城大青羊和吕梁黑山羊，在长期自然选择的条件下，各具特征，生产性能和生存环境均有差异，是良好的种质资源。     

光照和褪黑激素对内蒙古绒山羊氮分配的影响

从氮分配的角度研究了光照和褪黑激素对内蒙古白绒山羊营养分配的影响。结果表明:光照时间和埋植褪黑激素显著影响绒山羊体内氮物质分配,短光照或埋植褪黑激素显著提高绒山羊血液中的褪黑激素水平,并使其他相关激素如催乳素(PRL)、胰岛素(INS)、类胰岛素生长因子-I(IGF-I)、瘦素(LEP)的含量发生显著变化,结果使毛绒氮的沉积增加,体氮的沉积减少。短光照条件下毛绒氮和体氮的沉积分别为33.7%±0.64%和66.3%±0.64%;而长光照条件下则减少毛绒氮的分配量,增加体氮分配量,毛绒氮和体氮的沉积分别为23.6%±0.46%和76.4%±0.46%。短光照和褪黑激素之间有强烈的互作效应,短光照埋植褪黑激素组毛绒氮和体氮的分配比例分别为36.1%±0.79%和63.9%±0.79%。试验期绒山羊的产绒量平均增加(338.83±72)g,比普通绒山羊提高73.86%,新生羊绒的品质符合纺织工业标准的要求。     

苦马豆素人工抗原免疫山羊的安全性试验

试验通过分析疯草毒素人工抗原(疫苗)SW BSA免疫山羊时对机体肝功、肾功的影响,进行安全性评价。将30只羊随机分为对照组(6只)、免疫A组(12只)、免疫B组(12只),免疫组依次进行基础免疫、首免、加强免疫,每次免疫前进行采血,分析血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、尿素氮(BUN)、α苷露糖苷酶(AMA)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的变化,同时检测尿液中有无SW。结果表明,免疫组与对照组的血清GPT、GOT、BUN、AMA、AKP、LDH差异均不显著(P>0.05),尿液中未检查出SW。